气溶胶对雷暴云电过程影响的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

谭涌波  马肖  向春燕  夏艳羚  张鑫 《地球物理学报》2017,60(8):3041-3050

本文在已有的三维雷暴云起、放电模式中加入了一种经典的气溶胶活化参数化方案,结合一次长春雷暴个例,进行了雷暴云起放电数值模拟试验.研究显示气溶胶浓度改变对雷暴云微物理、起电及放电过程都有重要影响.结果表明:(1)污染型雷暴云中气溶胶浓度增加时,云滴数目增多,上升风速加强;云中冰晶与霰粒子数浓度增加但尺度减小;(2)相对于清洁型雷暴云,污染型雷暴云非感应起电过程弱,感应起电过程强,起电持续时间长;(3)污染型雷暴云中首次放电时间延迟,闪电持续发生的时间长,总闪电频次增加,正地闪频次增加明显.  相似文献   

Spectrum and charge ratio of vertical cosmic ray muons up to momenta of 2.5 TeV/c     

《Astroparticle Physics》2013

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不同水力压裂顺序下煤层气井组应力干扰效应研究—以沁水盆地柿庄南区块为例     

竟亚飞 《地质与勘探》2023,59(6):1336-1346

煤层气井常采用井网布置方式进行开发，不同的水力压裂顺序引起不同的应力干扰效应。为了查明不同水力压裂顺序下煤层气井间应力干扰效应，本文以沁水盆地柿庄南区块3组煤层气井网15口井为研究对象，应用ABAQUS 有限元模拟软件，模拟了煤层气井网中3种水力压裂顺序（先周围后中心、对角、先中心后周围）的应力分布特征及干扰效应，提出了相应的水力压裂顺序建议。结果表明：当施工排量为6.00 8.00 m3/min，液量为430.00 580.00 m3时，（1）先周围后中心、对角、先中心后周围压裂时，距中心井、对角线井、周围井不同距离，依次分为应力释放区、集中区和原始应力区。先周围后中心压裂时，中心井三区范围依次为≤15.00 m、15.00 140.00 m、＞140.00 m。对角压裂时，对角线井三区范围依次为≤60.00 m、60.00 150.00 m、＞150.00 m。先中间压裂时，周围井三区范围依次为≤60.00 m、60.00 144.00 m、＞144.00 m。（2）煤层气井网采用四点法布置，井间距超过300.00 m，可有效避免煤层气井之间的应力干扰。降低煤层气井压裂时的施工难度。  相似文献   

Soil hydraulic properties for moisture redistribution in a large-scale heterogeneous landscape     

Jianting Zhu  Dongmin Sun 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1196-1206

Abstract

Guidelines of effective soil hydraulic parameters were developed to be applicable in simulating average infiltration and subsequent moisture redistribution over a large-scale heterogeneous field. Average large-scale infiltration and redistribution in heterogeneous soils were quantified through multiple simulations of local-scale processes. The effective hydraulic parameters were derived to simulate the average amount of infiltrating water, and to capture the subsequent surface soil moisture redistribution averaged over the large heterogeneous landscape. The results demonstrated that the effective hydraulic parameters typically exhibited a step change from infiltration to redistribution, with the size of the step change being related to the degree of hydraulic parameter heterogeneity and the correlations among the hydraulic parameters. However, the effective hydraulic parameters did not change significantly over time for the moisture redistribution. It was further demonstrated that the size of the step change was smallest for effective saturated hydraulic conductivity.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor Y. Guttman

Citation Zhu, J.T. and Sun, D.M., 2012. Soil hydraulic properties for moisture redistribution in a large-scale heterogeneous landscape. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1196–1206.  相似文献   

Intracloud discharge and the correlated basic charge structure of a thunderstorm in Zhongchuan, a Chinese Inland Plateau region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Cui  X. Qie  Q. Zhang  T. Zhang  G. Zhang  J. Yang 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):425-429

The intracloud (IC) discharge is closely related to the charge structure of thunderstorms. The location, charge moment and polarity of intracloud discharges have been analyzed by using the electric field changes from a 7-site network of slow antennas synchronized by GPS with 1 μs time resolution in the area of Zhongchuan in the Chinese Inland Plateau. Ten IC flashes, from a storm on August 20, 2004, have been fitted by using the non-linear least-square solution. The results show that five IC flashes occurred between the main negative charge region and the lower positive charge region and other five between the main negative charge region and the upper positive charge region during the mature stage of the thunderstorm. The centers of discharge were 3.2–5.6 km and 6.8–7.7 km above sea level. The neutralized moments were about 4.56–61.0 C km and 1.06–15.9 C km. It suggests that the charge structure related to the lightning discharge can be represented by a tripole but with a strong positive charge region in the lower part of the thunderstorm, with the lower positive charge region taking an active role in the discharge.  相似文献   

北京地区负地闪回击转移的电荷量   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

武智君  郄秀书  王东方  王宇 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(3):247-257

负地闪是闪电危害的主要来源,其对地转移电荷源特征和电荷量不仅对闪电放电机理的研究有重要意义,而且对雷电防护也具有重要的实际应用价值。为了研究具有典型城市下垫面环境的北京地区的闪电活动特征和放电强度,利用北京地区2011年两次雷暴过程的多站GPS(Global Position System)同步闪电地面电场变化定量观测资料,在考虑消除场地和环境因素对电场变化观测资料影响的基础上,基于蒙特卡洛数据处理方法和非线性最小二乘法拟合反演算法,定量研究了负地闪回击中和的电荷源位置和电荷量,并对回击特征与回击转移电荷源之间的关系进行了讨论,得到如下结果:(1)单次回击中和的电荷量为1.1~27.6 C,平均为8.6±5.2 C,不同序数回击转移电荷量的最小值基本不随回击序数的上升而变化,最大值和均值随回击序数的上升而减小;一次负地闪中和的总电荷量随着回击数的增加而增加。(2)负地闪回击数和回击时间间隔都呈对数正态分布,其中负地闪总数70.4%的多回击负地闪其回击间隔平均为99±95 ms,不同序数回击的时间间隔最小值随回击序数的上升基本不变,时间间隔最大值和均值随回击序数的上升而减小。(3)回击转移电荷量的均值随回击间隔的增加呈波动形式的逐渐上升;相邻回击转移电荷源的空间距离均值随回击间隔的增加而增大。  相似文献   

甘肃中川地区云闪的多站同步观测及雷暴的等效电荷结构   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

崔海华  郄秀书  张其林  张廷龙  张广庶  赵阳  孔祥贞  袁铁  杨静  张彤 《高原气象》2009,28(4):808-815

利用甘肃中川地区GPS同步的7个测站闪电慢天线获得的电场变化资料, 通过非线性最小二乘法对2004年8月20日一次雷暴过程中的10次云闪进行了拟合分析, 估算了其所中和的电矩、 取向及空间位置等参量。结果表明, 其中5次云闪是雷暴云中部主负电荷区与其下部正电荷区之间的放电, 另外5次是中部主负电荷区与其上部正电荷区之间的放电, 对应的放电中心的海拔高度分别在3.2~5.6 km和6.8~7.7 km, 中和电矩分别约为4.56~61.0 C·km和 1.06~15.9 C·km。发生在雷暴云上部正电荷区与中部主负电荷区之间的闪电所中和电矩较发生在雷暴云中部主负电荷区与下部正电荷区之间的闪电所中和电矩小。结果证实了中国内陆高原地区雷暴云的上部和下部有两个正电荷区存在, 与闪电放电相联系的雷暴云电荷结构可用简化的三极性来代表。  相似文献   

The electrification of dust-lofting gust fronts (‘haboobs’) in the Sahel     

E. Williams  N. Nathou  E. Hicks  C. Pontikis  B. Russell  M. Miller  M.J. Bartholomew 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):292-298

Two Doppler radars and a suite of auxiliary surface observations are used to document the electrical, aerosol and aerodynamic properties of dust-lofting gust fronts near Niamey, Niger during the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis). Electrification with dominant negative polarity is a common behavior, consistent with earlier studies on dust devils and the Harmattan wind in dry environments.  相似文献   

On the generation of charge layers in MCS stratiform regions     

A.A. Evtushenko  E.A. Mareev   《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):272-280

We suggest a quantitative one-dimensional model treating the formation of charge layers near the 0 °C isotherm in stratiform regions of mesoscale convective systems. A number of factors principal for the field generation have been taken into account: both non-inductive and inductive melting charging, light ions, a complicated profile of the vertical air velocity near the 0 °С isotherm, the boundary conditions proper for the horizontally extended systems in the global electric circuit. Non-inductive collisional charging near the 0 °C isotherm was not considered. It was found that both non-inductive and inductive melting mechanisms can contribute; the inductive melting charging of ice aggregates was found more preferable, while the contribution of non-inductive mechanisms might be significant depending on particular conditions. The role of light ions in the formation of the positive charge layer near the 0 °C isotherm may be important. If the advection from the convective region ensures charge inflow to the upper charged layers, the melting charging mechanisms are able to explain an observable electric field structure in the whole stratiform region. It is important that the mutual position of the zero point on the vertical air velocity profile and the point of maximum melting-charge-transfer determines the fine structure of the electric field in the vicinity of the 0 °C isotherm.  相似文献   

Fine-resolution simulation of cloud-to-ground lightning and thundercloud charge transfer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shanchang Tao  Yongbo Tan  Baoyou Zhu  Ming Ma  Weitao Lu 《Atmospheric Research》2009,91(2-4):360-370

2-D 12.5 m-resolution simulations of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning discharge processes have been performed using an improved stochastic lightning model for different types of cloud charge distributions, such as dipole, tripole, bi-dipole and multi-layer charge structures produced from the numerical simulation of thundercloud electrification. The modelling produced the fine branched channel structure of CG lightning and the results illustrate the relations between CG lightning channel propagation and cloud charge distribution. The simulated features of CG lightning are associated with the observed results. The simulation studies are essential in our understanding of complex charge transfer processes caused by CG lightning discharges in thunderclouds. The induced charges of opposite polarity are deposited or embedded in the local volumes where the bidirectional leaders passed during a CG lightning discharge. Although the embedding affects charge structure only in a pair of significant positive and negative charge regions closest to the ground, the electric field strength acutely weakens and electrostatic energy in thunderclouds is significantly consumed when the discharge terminates. In addition to simulating the upward and downward breakdown of the initial leader to ground and the ensuing return stroke (RS), the simulation assumes that current continues to flow in the channel to ground and determines the upward breakdown until the end of the discharge. For the subsequent discharge sub-process, the upward leader channel tends to transfer the charges with the same polarity as the RS, while the downward leader channel favors transfer of opposite charge to ground. In the sub-processes of a few CG flash simulations, the magnitude of the opposite charges from the downward leader exceeds that of charges with the same polarity from the upward leader so that the net charges transferred to the ground have a reversed polarity to the RS. The simulation presents similar features of CG lightning as those observed in realistic bipolar CG lightning.  相似文献